Uji Antibakteri dan Antibiofilm Fraksi Daun Gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii) terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33006/ji-kes.v10i1.1046Keywords:
antibiofilm; daun gaharu; pseudomonas aeruginosaAbstract
Abstrak
Pseudomonas aeruginosa merupakan bakteri Gram-negatif oportunistik penyebab infeksi yang mampu membentuk biofilm sehingga meningkatkan resistensi terhadap antibiotik. Daun gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii) mengandung flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, saponin, dan terpenoid yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan antibiofilm. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas fraksi n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air dari ekstrak etanol daun gaharu terhadap P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, menentukan fraksi paling aktif, serta mengevaluasi mekanisme kerjanya. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan ekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%, dilanjutkan fraksinasi menggunakan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air. Seluruh fraksi diuji aktivitas penghambatan pembentukan biofilm. Fraksi teraktif kemudian diuji aktivitas antibakterinya menggunakan metode dilusi untuk menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM). Mekanisme kerja diamati menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) untuk mengetahui kerusakan sel bakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh fraksi mampu menghambat pembentukan biofilm P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Fraksi air merupakan fraksi paling aktif dengan nilai IC₅₀ penghambatan biofilm 1,002 mg/mL, KHM 6,25 mg/mL, KBM 12,5 mg/mL, serta bekerja merusak membran dan dinding sel bakteri.
Kata kunci: antibiofilm; daun gaharu; pseudomonas aeruginosa
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium that causes infections and forms biofilms, contributing to increased antibiotic resistance. Agarwood leaves (Gyrinops versteegii) contain flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids with potential antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of agarwood leaf ethanol extract against P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, identified the most active fraction, and investigated its mechanism of action. An experimental design was employed using 96% ethanol maceration followed by fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. All fractions were evaluated for biofilm formation inhibition and biofilm degradation. The most active fraction was further tested for antibacterial activity using the broth dilution method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The mechanism of action was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that all fractions inhibited biofilm formation and degradation. The aqueous fraction exhibited the strongest activity, with IC₅₀ values of 1.002, MIC and MBC values of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively, by disrupting the bacterial cell wall and membrane.
Keywords: antibiofilm; gaharu leaf; pseudomonas aeruginosa
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