Effect of Menopause Stages on Stress Levels and Coping Mechanisms in Menopause Women
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33006/ji-kes.v9i2.996Abstract
Abstrak
Menopause merupakan proses transisi dari masa reproduktif menuju fase non-reproduktif yang ditandai dengan berhentinya siklus menstruasi akibat penurunan hormon estrogen dan progesteron, sehingga memunculkan perubahan fisiologis dan psikologis yang dapat meningkatkan kecemasan dan stres pada wanita. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya penanganan melalui penguatan mekanisme koping efektif agar wanita mampu beradaptasi terhadap perubahan yang terjadi selama menopause. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh tahapan menopause terhadap tingkat stres dan mekanisme koping pada wanita menopause. Desain penelitian menggunakan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dengan populasi 180 responden dan sampel 125 responden melalui teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan rumus Slovin. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi data demografi, kueioner PSS-10, dan kuesioner baku dari Brief-Cope. Hasil penelitian didapatkan hubungan positif yang signifikan antara tahapan menopause dengan tingkat stres (p = 0,0001, r = 0,814), yang berarti semakin lanjut tahapan menopause maka tingkat stres semakin meningkat. Selain itu, terdapat korelasi signifikan antara tahapan menopause dan mekanisme koping (p = 0,0001, r = 0,670), di mana wanita cenderung lebih sering menggunakan koping maladaptif seiring berkembangnya fase menopause. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya intervensi psikologis serta dukungan mekanisme koping adaptif pada wanita menopause.
Kata Kunci: Mekanisme Koping, Menopause, Tingkat Stres
Abstract
Menopause is a transition from reproductive to non-reproductive age marked by the cessation of menstrual cycles due to a decrease in estrogen and progesterone hormones, causing physiological and psychological changes increasing anxiety and stress in women. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen effective coping mechanisms so that women can adapt to changes that occur during menopause. This study aims to analyze the effect of menopause stages on stress levels and coping mechanisms menopausal women. The research design used analytical observation with cross-sectional approach, analyzed using Spearman's-correlation with total population of 180 respondents and sample of 125 respondents through purposive sampling using Slovin formula. The instruments used included demographic data, PSS-10 questionnaire, and standard questionnaire from Brief-Cope. The results of the study found a significant-positive correlation between the stages of menopause and stress levels (p=0.0001, r=0.814), meaning that the more advanced the stage of menopause, the higher the stress level. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the stages of menopause and coping mechanisms (p=0.0001, r=0.670), where women tended to use maladaptive coping more often as the menopause phase progressed. These findings emphasize the importance of psychological intervention and adaptive coping mechanism support for menopausal women.
Keywords: Coping Mechanisms, Menopause, Stress
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