Pengaruh Aktivitas Olahraga terhadap Perkembangan Keterampilan Motorik Kasar pada Anak Usia 6–9 Tahun: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Background: Gross motor skills are crucial for the physical development of children aged 6 to 9 years. However, research findings regarding the effectiveness of various types of physical activity remain varied and have not yet been comprehensively synthesised. Objective: This study aims to analyse the effect of physical activity on the gross motor skills of children aged 6–9 years. Methods: The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were used in this study, which employed a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology. To identify articles published between 2020 and 2026, Google Scholar was used to search for keywords related to physical activity, gross motor skills, children aged 6–9 years, and the TGMD-3. Twenty articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and analysed descriptively. Results: The findings of this synthesis indicate that various forms of physical activity, such as traditional games, fun games, adapted games, rhythmic activities, exergames and fundamental movement skills programmes, consistently lead to improvements in locomotor skills and object control as measured using the TGMD-3. Conclusion: The gross motor skills of children aged 6 to 9 years can be enhanced through physical activities carried out systematically and in line with the children’s developmental stage. Implications: These findings provide a scientific basis for physical education teachers and schools to implement various types of physical activity as a means of optimising the development of gross motor skills in primary school-aged children.